refer to as

• A proposition that is false under all circumstances is referred to as a contradiction .
  若一个命题在所有的情况下都是假的，那么它就称为矛盾。
• This system, depicted in figure 1-8, is usually referred to as the apollo spacecraft .
  通常所谓的“阿波罗”空间飞行器，其系统如图1-8所示。
• The transition from voltage to no voltage is referred to as the trailing edge of a clock signal .
  电感从一定值下降到0值的跃迁叫做时钟信号的后沿。
• When two corrugated diaphragms are joined at the outer edges, the unit is referred to as a capsule .
  当两个波纹膜片在边缘处粘结时，就构成一膜盒。
• A clock signal with 1 million pulses per second is referred to as a 1 megahertz .
  每秒钟有一百万个脉冲及时钟信号，也称兆赫（）时钟信号。
• Loosely speaking, a neoplasm is referred to as a "tumor", which simply means a swelling .
  不严格地说，新生物就是“肿瘤”，后者简单地含有肿胀的意思。
• The present book is concerned with the second phase which is usually referred to as structural analysis .
  本书主要研究第二方面的内容，通常叫做结构分析。
• It is frequently referred to as "pressure head" when expressed in terms of energy per unit weight of water .
  当以单位水重的能量来表达时，经常看作为“压头”。
• The delay in radar signals mentioned above has been referred to as a fourth test of general relativity .
  上面提到的雷达讯号的延迟被称为广义相对论的第四个检验。
• Nitrate can be used by facultative organisms living under intermediate conditions referred to as anoxic .
  硝酸盐能够被生活在中等缺氧条件下称为兼性生物体所利用。